### Causes of Sewage Backup Sewage backup occurs when wastewater from the plumbing system overflows backwards, causing it to enter homes or businesses. This can be the result of several factors: - **Clogged Drain Lines:** Accumulation of debris, grease, hair, and other solids in drain lines can obstruct the flow of wastewater, leading to backups. - **Tree Root Intrusion:** Tree roots can penetrate sewer lines, creating blockages that impede the passage of wastewater. - **Aging Infrastructure:** Deteriorated pipes due to age or poor maintenance can collapse or develop cracks, allowing wastewater to leak or backup. - **Grease Build-up:** Improper disposal of grease and cooking oils into the drains can cause grease to accumulate and harden in the plumbing system, resulting in blockages. - **Sanitary Sewer Overflows (SSOs):** Heavy rainfall or improper sewer system design can lead to sanitary sewer overflows, causing untreated wastewater to discharge into the environment or enter homes and businesses. ### Effects of Sewage Backup Sewage backup can have severe consequences for property owners and occupants: - **Health Risks:** Untreated wastewater contains harmful bacteria, viruses, and parasites that can cause illnesses such as gastroenteritis, skin infections, and respiratory problems. - **Property Damage:** Sewage backup can cause extensive damage to carpets, furniture, walls, and floors, resulting in costly repairs and renovations. - **Electrical Hazards:** Water from sewage backups can come into contact with electrical outlets or appliances, posing a risk of electrical shock or fire. - **Environmental Damage:** Sanitary sewer overflows can contaminate waterways, harming aquatic life and threatening public health. - **Emotional Distress:** Sewage backups can be a traumatic experience, causing stress, anxiety, and displacement from homes or businesses. ### How Does Sewage Backup Happen? The process of sewage backup involves several stages: - **Blockage Formation:** Obstructions in the drain lines, such as clogs or tree roots, prevent wastewater from flowing through smoothly. - **Increased Pressure:** As wastewater continues to flow into the obstructed line, pressure builds up behind the blockage. - **Reverse Flow:** When pressure reaches a critical point, wastewater is forced to flow backward, entering homes or businesses through sink drains, toilets, or floor drains. - **Spillover:** If the blockage is not cleared promptly, wastewater will continue to overflow, causing extensive damage and health hazards.